<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u662f\u7684\uff0cPython\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u521b\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7ed9\u9519\u8bef\u7a7f\u4e0a\u5b9a\u5236\u897f\u88c5\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class CustomError(Exception):
pass
try:
raise CustomError(\"\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u9519\u8bef\uff01\")
except CustomError as ce:
print(ce)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fException<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u4f55\u4f60\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8ba9\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u786e\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>7. with\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff1a\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nwith<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7b49\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u795e\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nwith open(\"example.txt\", 'w') as file:
file.write(\"\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\uff01\")
# \u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u663e\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528file.close()<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>8. \u5f02\u5e38\u94fe\uff1a\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6839\u6e90<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
try:
raise ValueError(\"\u521d\u59cb\u9519\u8bef\")
except ValueError as ve:
raise IOError(\"\u53d1\u751f\u4e86IO\u9519\u8bef\") from ve<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u7ec8\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u662fIOError<\/code>\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6700\u521d\u7684ValueError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>9. raise\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u4f20\u9012\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e0a\u5c42\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def risky_function():
try:
# \u98ce\u9669\u64cd\u4f5c<\/em>
...
except Exception as e:
print(\"\u5185\u90e8\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f...\")
raise # \u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/em>
try:
risky_function()
except Exception as e:
print(\"\u9876\u5c42\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5b83\uff01\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>10. assert\uff1a\u5f00\u53d1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u597d\u5e2e\u624b<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nassert<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u5047\uff0c\u5219\u629b\u51faAssertionError<\/code>\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nx = 10
assert x > 0, \"x\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6b63\u6570\"
# \u5982\u679cx <= 0\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u629b\u51fa\u9519\u8bef<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>11. \u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5b9e\u6218\u6f14\u7ec3<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
while True:
user_input = input(\"\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff1a\")
try:
num = int(user_input) # \u5c1d\u8bd5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570<\/em>
break # \u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8df3\u51fa\u5faa\u73af<\/em>
except ValueError:
print(\"\u54ce\u5440\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u54e6\uff01\u518d\u8bd5\u4e00\u6b21\u5427\u3002\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>12. \u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a\u5e73\u8861\u4e4b\u7f8e<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u867d\u7136\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u6ee5\u7528\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5c3d\u91cf\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u81ea\u7136\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>13. \u5f02\u5e38\u5806\u6808\uff1a\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u5b9d\u85cf<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u786e\u5207\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u8c03\u8bd5\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>14. Python 3\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3__enter__<\/code>\u548c__exit__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n<\/span>\u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/span>15. \u5f02\u5e38\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u7ec6\u5316<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u867d\u7136\u4f7f\u7528except Exception<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u597d\u8fd8\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u578b\u7f16\u5199except\u5b50\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\ntry:
# \u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u51fa\u591a\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/em>
...
except FileNotFoundError:
print(\"\u6587\u4ef6\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\")
except PermissionError:
print(\"\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u3002\")
except Exception as e:
# \u4f5c\u4e3a\u515c\u5e95\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u672a\u9884\u6599\u7684\u5f02\u5e38<\/em>
print(f\"\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9519\u8bef: {e}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>16. \u4f7f\u7528finally<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u8d44\u6e90\u6e05\u7406<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0cfinally<\/code>\u5757\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0cfinally<\/code>\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\ndb_connection = connect_to_database()
try:
# \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/em>
...
finally:
db_connection.close()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>17. \u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5229\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5f53\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f02\u5e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
try:
# \u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/em>
...
except Exception as e:
print(f\"\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u578b: {type(e).__name__}, \u9519\u8bef\u8be6\u60c5: {str(e)}\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>18. \u907f\u514d\u7a7a\u7684except\u5757<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u7a7a\u7684except:<\/code>\u5757\u4f1a\u541e\u6389\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8c03\u8bd5\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4f60\u60f3\u5ffd\u7565\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u81f3\u5c11\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u6761\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\ntry:
# \u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/em>
...
except:
print(\"\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u3002\") # \u81f3\u5c11\u544a\u77e5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9519\u8bef<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>19. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5f53\u629b\u51fa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5f02\u5e38\u539f\u56e0\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class ValidationFailed(Exception):
def __init__(self, message):
super().__init__(message)
try:
if not validate_data(data):
raise ValidationFailed(\"\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5219\u3002\")
except ValidationFailed as e:
print(e)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>20. \u5229\u7528raise from None<\/code>\u9690\u85cf\u539f\u59cb\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u9690\u85cf\u539f\u59cb\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u4fdd\u62a4\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
try:
# \u4ee3\u7801...<\/em>
raise ValueError(\"\u521d\u6b65\u9519\u8bef\")
except ValueError as e:
# \u91cd\u65b0\u629b\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u663e\u793a\u539f\u59cb\u5806\u6808<\/em>
raise ValueError(\"\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\") from None<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>21. \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8003\u91cf<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u867d\u7136\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u629b\u51fa\u548c\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>22. \u7ed3\u5408\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8ffd\u8e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u6392\u67e5\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR)
try:
# \u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/em>
...
except Exception as e:
logging.error(\"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef:\", exc_info=True)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>