{"id":2912,"date":"2024-12-01T22:06:20","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T14:06:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/?p=2912"},"modified":"2024-12-01T22:06:25","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T14:06:25","slug":"python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"PYTHON\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u80fd \u2013\u00a0Python\u4e2d9\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u5178\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_71 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey 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title=\"\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#1_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AF%E8%A7%A3\" title=\"1. \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\">1. \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u8bef\u89e3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#2_%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9C%AA%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%94%AE\" title=\"2. \u5b57\u5178\u8bbf\u95ee\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u952e\">2. \u5b57\u5178\u8bbf\u95ee\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u952e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#3_%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E9%94%AE%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81\" title=\"3. \u5b57\u5178\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u7684\u952e\u51b2\u7a81\">3. \u5b57\u5178\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u7684\u952e\u51b2\u7a81<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8\" title=\"\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u5165\u95e8\">\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u5165\u95e8<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#4_%E4%B8%8D%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9\" title=\"4. \u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5371\u9669\">4. \u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5371\u9669<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#5_%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8finally%E6%B8%85%E7%90%86%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90\" title=\"5. \u4f7f\u7528finally\u6e05\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\">5. \u4f7f\u7528finally\u6e05\u7406\u8d44\u6e90<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B\" title=\"\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#6_%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E6%8E%A8%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\" title=\"6. \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\">6. \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#7_Python_35%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%84%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6\" title=\"7. Python 3.5+\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u6784\u5408\u5e76\">7. Python 3.5+\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u6784\u5408\u5e76<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#8_%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E9%93%BE%EF%BC%9A%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E6%9B%B4%E8%AF%A6%E7%BB%86%E7%9A%84%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF\" title=\"8. \u5f02\u5e38\u94fe\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\">8. \u5f02\u5e38\u94fe\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#9_%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8\" title=\"9. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\">9. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/#%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%EF%BC%9A%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E9%A2%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86\" title=\"\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u9884\u5904\u7406\">\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%8E%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF\"><\/span><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AF%E8%A7%A3\"><\/span><strong>1. \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u8bef\u89e3<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u952e\u91cd\u590d\u5bfc\u81f4\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><em>#&nbsp;\u9519\u8bef\u793a\u8303<\/em><br>keys&nbsp;=&nbsp;&#91;'a',&nbsp;'b',&nbsp;'a']<br>values&nbsp;=&nbsp;&#91;1,&nbsp;2,&nbsp;3]<br>my_dict&nbsp;=&nbsp;{k:&nbsp;v&nbsp;for&nbsp;k,&nbsp;v&nbsp;in&nbsp;zip(keys,&nbsp;values)}<br>print(my_dict)&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a'a'\u952e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u4e86<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>collections.defaultdict<\/code>\u907f\u514d\u952e\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>from&nbsp;collections&nbsp;import&nbsp;defaultdict<br><br>my_dict&nbsp;=&nbsp;defaultdict(list)<br>for&nbsp;k,&nbsp;v&nbsp;in&nbsp;zip(keys,&nbsp;values):<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;my_dict&#91;k].append(v)<br>print(my_dict)&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;{'a':&nbsp;&#91;1,&nbsp;3],&nbsp;'b':&nbsp;&#91;2]}<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%9C%AA%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%94%AE\"><\/span><strong>2. \u5b57\u5178\u8bbf\u95ee\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u952e<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>my_dict&nbsp;=&nbsp;{}<br>value&nbsp;=&nbsp;my_dict&#91;'not_here']&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;KeyError<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528<code>get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b89\u5168\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>value&nbsp;=&nbsp;my_dict.get('not_here',&nbsp;'\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c')<br>print(value)&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u8f93\u51fa&nbsp;'\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c'<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%97%B6%E7%9A%84%E9%94%AE%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81\"><\/span><strong>3. \u5b57\u5178\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u7684\u952e\u51b2\u7a81<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dict1&nbsp;=&nbsp;{'x':&nbsp;1}<br>dict2&nbsp;=&nbsp;{'x':&nbsp;2,&nbsp;'y':&nbsp;3}<br>dict1.update(dict2)<br><em>#&nbsp;\u9884\u671fdict1\u4e2d'x'\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u53d8<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6b63\u786e\u505a\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u952e\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>print(dict1)&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;{'x':&nbsp;2,&nbsp;'y':&nbsp;3}&nbsp;\u6ce8\u610f'x'\u7684\u503c\u5df2\u88ab\u8986\u76d6<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8\"><\/span><strong>\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u5165\u95e8<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%E4%B8%8D%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9\"><\/span><strong>4. \u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u5371\u9669<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9519\u8bef\u672a\u88ab\u6355\u83b7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>num&nbsp;=&nbsp;'one'<br>result&nbsp;=&nbsp;num&nbsp;+&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;TypeError<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5f15\u5165try-except<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>try:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;result&nbsp;=&nbsp;num&nbsp;+&nbsp;1<br>except&nbsp;TypeError:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print(\"\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u76f8\u52a0\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8finally%E6%B8%85%E7%90%86%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90\"><\/span><strong>5. \u4f7f\u7528finally\u6e05\u7406\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c<code>finally<\/code>\u5757\u90fd\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>try:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/em><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;file&nbsp;=&nbsp;open('example.txt',&nbsp;'r')<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print(file.read())<br>except&nbsp;FileNotFoundError:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print(\"\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\")<br>finally:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;file.close()&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u5173\u95ed<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%9A%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B\"><\/span><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E6%8E%A8%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%95\"><\/span><strong>6. \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>words&nbsp;=&nbsp;&#91;'apple',&nbsp;'banana',&nbsp;'cherry']<br>lengths&nbsp;=&nbsp;{word:&nbsp;len(word)&nbsp;for&nbsp;word&nbsp;in&nbsp;words}<br>print(lengths)&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;{'apple':&nbsp;5,&nbsp;'banana':&nbsp;6,&nbsp;'cherry':&nbsp;6}<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Python_35%EF%BC%9A%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%84%E5%90%88%E5%B9%B6\"><\/span><strong>7. Python 3.5+\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u6784\u5408\u5e76<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65b0\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u89e3\u6784\u7b80\u5316\u5b57\u5178\u5408\u5e76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>dict1&nbsp;=&nbsp;{'x':&nbsp;1,&nbsp;'y':&nbsp;2}<br>dict2&nbsp;=&nbsp;{'y':&nbsp;3,&nbsp;'z':&nbsp;4}<br>merged&nbsp;=&nbsp;{**dict1,&nbsp;**dict2}&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;Python&nbsp;3.5+<\/em><br>print(merged)&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;{'x':&nbsp;1,&nbsp;'y':&nbsp;3,&nbsp;'z':&nbsp;4}<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8%E9%93%BE%EF%BC%9A%E6%8F%90%E4%BE%9B%E6%9B%B4%E8%AF%A6%E7%BB%86%E7%9A%84%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF\"><\/span><strong>8. \u5f02\u5e38\u94fe\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6df1\u5165\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>try:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;raise&nbsp;ValueError(\"Something&nbsp;wrong!\")<br>except&nbsp;ValueError&nbsp;as&nbsp;ve:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;raise&nbsp;KeyError(\"This&nbsp;happened&nbsp;because&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;value&nbsp;error.\")&nbsp;from&nbsp;ve<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bd5\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8\"><\/span><strong>9. \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>class&nbsp;CustomError(Exception):<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;pass<br><br>try:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;raise&nbsp;CustomError(\"\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\")<br>except&nbsp;CustomError&nbsp;as&nbsp;ce:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print(ce)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%EF%BC%9A%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E9%A2%84%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86\"><\/span><strong>\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6216\u6709\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u6e05\u6d17\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u6355\u83b7\u4efb\u4f55\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>data&nbsp;=&nbsp;&#91;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{\"name\":&nbsp;\"Alice\",&nbsp;\"age\":&nbsp;30},<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{\"name\":&nbsp;\"Bob\",&nbsp;\"missed_age\":&nbsp;25},&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u9519\u8bef\u952e\u540d<\/em><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{\"name\":&nbsp;\"Charlie\"},&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u7f3a\u5931\u5e74\u9f84<\/em><br>]<br><br>cleaned_data&nbsp;=&nbsp;&#91;]<br><br>for&nbsp;record&nbsp;in&nbsp;data:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;try:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u786e\u4fdd\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u6709'age'\u952e<\/em><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;age&nbsp;=&nbsp;record.get('age',&nbsp;None)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;if&nbsp;age&nbsp;is&nbsp;None:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;raise&nbsp;ValueError(\"Age&nbsp;is&nbsp;missing.\")<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55<\/em><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cleaned_record&nbsp;=&nbsp;{<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\"name\":&nbsp;record&#91;\"name\"],<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\"age\":&nbsp;int(age),&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>#&nbsp;\u5f3a\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1ValueError<\/em><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cleaned_data.append(cleaned_record)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;except&nbsp;KeyError&nbsp;as&nbsp;ke:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print(f\"Key&nbsp;error&nbsp;in&nbsp;record:&nbsp;{ke}\")<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;except&nbsp;ValueError&nbsp;as&nbsp;ve:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print(f\"Value&nbsp;error&nbsp;in&nbsp;record:&nbsp;{ve}\")<br><br>print(cleaned_data)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u5b57\u5178\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef 1. \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u8bef\u89e3 \u9519\u8bef\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u952e\u91cd\u590d\u5bfc\u81f4&hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/2024\/12\/01\/python%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%8a%80%e8%83%bd-python%e4%b8%ad9%e4%b8%aa%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e4%b8%8e%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e9%94%99%e8%af%af%e4%b8%8e%e8%a7%a3\/\" class=\"more-link read-more\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">PYTHON\u57fa\u7840\u6280\u80fd \u2013\u00a0Python\u4e2d9\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u5b57\u5178\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/span><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[28],"views":634,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2912"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2913,"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912\/revisions\/2913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/viplao.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}