<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u884cPython\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u9177\uff1f\u6765\u770bos.system()<\/code>\u7684\u5c0f\u628a\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nimport os
os.system(\"echo 'Hello, OS!'\");<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u5bf9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u563f\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5e2e\u6211\u6253\u5370\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u3002\u201d \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u201cHello, OS!\u201d \u4f46\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684shell\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u54e6\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>2. \u76ee\u5f55\u95f4\u7684\u821e\u8e48\uff1aos.path<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u50cf\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0cos.path<\/code>\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u8f7b\u677e\u7ba1\u7406\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\ncurrent_dir = os.getcwd() # \u50cf\u4e0d\u50cf\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u54ea\uff1f\u201d<\/em>
print(current_dir)
new_folder = \"my_new_folder\"
os.makedirs(new_folder) # \u201c\u6211\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5efa\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bb6\uff01\u201d<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>3. \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u642c\u8fd0\u5de5\uff1ashutil<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u642c\u5bb6\u4e0d\u6c42\u4eba\uff0cshutil<\/code>\u6765\u5e2e\u5fd9\u3002\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f\u5c0f\u4e8b\u4e00\u6869\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nimport shutil
file_to_move = \"old_file.txt\"
new_location = \"my_new_folder\/\" + file_to_move
shutil.move(file_to_move, new_location) # \u6587\u4ef6\u642c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>4. \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\uff1aopen()<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nPython\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570open()<\/code>\uff0c\u662f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u94a5\u5319\uff0c\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nwith open(\"my_file.txt\", \"w\") as file:
file.write(\"\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\\n\u4f60\u597d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\uff01\")
# \u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/em>
with open(\"my_file.txt\", \"r\") as file:
content = file.read()
print(content)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5199\u5165\u540e\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e00\u6837\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>5. \u6279\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff1aglob<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u60f3\u8981\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\uff1fglob<\/code>\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e00\u7f51\u6253\u5c3d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nimport glob
for file in glob.glob(\"*.txt\"): # \u627e\u5230\u6240\u6709.txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/em>
print(file) # \u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u8fd9\u62db\u5bf9\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u56fe\u7247\u3001\u6587\u6863\u8d85\u5b9e\u7528\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>6. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\uff1amultiprocessing<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u592a\u5b64\u5355\uff1fmultiprocessing<\/code>\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u98de\u8d77\u6765\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\nfrom multiprocessing import Process
def worker(num):
\"\"\"\u5c0f\u5c0f\u5de5\u4eba\"\"\"
print(f'Worker {num} is working.')
if __name__ == \"__main__\":
processes = []
for i in range(3):
p = Process(target=worker, args=(i,))
processes.append(p)
p.start()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u6bcf\u4e2aProcess<\/code>\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u6760\u6760\u7684\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>7. \u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\uff1aschedule<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u60f3\u8981\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9a\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff1fschedule<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5e2e\u5fd9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nimport schedule
import time
def job():
print(\"I'm doing a job at scheduled time.\")
schedule.every(1).seconds.do(job)
while True:
schedule.run_pending()
time.sleep(1)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5c31\u50cf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u95f9\u949f\uff0c\u8ba9Python\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>8. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u63a2\u79d8\uff1aos.environ<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u85cf\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u79d8\u5bc6\uff0cos.environ<\/code>\u5e2e\u4f60\u63ed\u5f00\u9762\u7eb1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nprint(os.environ.get('PATH')) # \u770b\u770bPATH\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u7cfb\u7edf\u641c\u7d22\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c0f\u79d8\u5bc6\uff1f\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>9. \u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\u4e0e\u89e3\u538b\uff1azipfile\/tarfile<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0czipfile<\/code>\u548ctartfile<\/code>\u662f\u597d\u5e2e\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nimport zipfile
with zipfile.ZipFile(\"my_archive.zip\", 'w') as zipf:
zipf.write(\"my_file.txt\") # \u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6<\/em>
zipf.printdir() # \u67e5\u770b\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u5bb9<\/em>
with zipfile.ZipFile(\"my_archive.zip\", 'r') as zipf:
zipf.extractall(\"extracted_files\") # \u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u538b\u7f29\u89e3\u538b\uff0c\u8f7b\u677e\u641e\u5b9a\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>10. \u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1atry…except<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e1b\u6797\u91cc\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u96be\u514d\uff0c\u4f18\u96c5\u5904\u7406\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
try:
# \u5c1d\u8bd5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5371\u9669\u52a8\u4f5c<\/em>
os.remove(\"nonexistent_file.txt\")
except FileNotFoundError:
print(\"\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u522b\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u54ed\u3002\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u4e0d\u614c\u5f20\uff0c\u4ece\u5bb9\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u5065\u58ee\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>11. \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u904d\u5386\uff1aos.scandir()<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u6bd4os.listdir()<\/code>\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u626b\u63cf\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nwith os.scandir(\".\") as entries:
for entry in entries:
if entry.is_file():
print(entry.name)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>12. \u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u521b\u5efa\uff1aos.symlink()<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u60f3\u73a9\u94fe\u63a5\u6e38\u620f\uff1fos.symlink()<\/code>\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u50cf\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nos.symlink(\"source_file.txt\", \"symbolic_link.txt\") # \u521b\u5efa\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u4e24\u5904\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u795e\u5947\u4e0d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>13. \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff1aos.access()<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5b89\u5168\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u518d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
if os.access(\"a_file.txt\", os.R_OK): # \u68c0\u67e5\u8bfb\u6743\u9650<\/em>
print(\"\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\")<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u786e\u4fdd\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u6709\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5c34\u5c2c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>14. \u7ba1\u9053\u4e0e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff1asubprocess<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u9ad8\u7ea7\u73a9\u5bb6\u5fc5\u5907\uff0csubprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8ba9\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\nimport subprocess
output = subprocess.check_output([\"ls\", \"-l\"]) # \u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eos.system\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927<\/em>
print(output.decode()) # \u89e3\u7801\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/em><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u7ba1\u9053\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5f3a\u5927\u65e0\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>15. \u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u9b54\u672f\uff1atermcolor<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u7ed9\u7ec8\u7aef\u52a0\u70b9\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u8ba9\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u751f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from termcolor import colored
print(colored(\"Python\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f69\u8272\u751f\u6d3b\uff01\", \"cyan\", attrs=[\"bold\"]))<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u9ed1\u767d\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u53d8\u5f97\u6d3b\u6cfc\u8d77\u6765\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n<\/span>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<\/span>16. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff08IPC\uff09\uff1aPipe\u4e0eQueue<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\u5728\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86multiprocessing.Pipe<\/code>\u548cmultiprocessing.Queue<\/code>\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Pipe<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\nfrom multiprocessing import Process, Pipe
def sender(conn):
conn.send(['hello', 'world']) # \u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f<\/em>
conn.close()
def receiver(conn):
print(conn.recv()) # \u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f<\/em>
conn.close()
parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe()
p1 = Process(target=sender, args=(child_conn,))
p2 = Process(target=receiver, args=(parent_conn,))
p1.start()
p2.start()
p1.join()
p2.join()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>Queue<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\u961f\u5217\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
def writer(q):
q.put('\u6d88\u606f\u6765\u4e86\uff01')
def reader(q):
print(q.get()) # \u963b\u585e\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u6d88\u606f<\/em>
q = Queue()
p1 = Process(target=writer, args=(q,))
p2 = Process(target=reader, args=(q,))
p1.start()
p2.start()
p1.join()
p2.join()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n