<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nalice = Person(name=”Alice”, age=30)
print(greet_person(alice)) # \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, Alice! You are 30 years old.
\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Person \u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528 @dataclass \u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 init<\/strong> \u548c repr<\/strong> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\ngreet_person \u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a Person \u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u5b57\u6bb5\u751f\u6210\u95ee\u5019\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u548c\u6cdb\u578b
\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u7c7b\u578b\u522b\u540d\u548c\u6cdb\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u6cdb\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from typing import TypeVar, List<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T = TypeVar(‘T’)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def get_first_element(lst: List[T]) -> T:
return lst[0]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]
fruits = [“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
print(get_first_element(numbers)) # \u8f93\u51fa: 1
print(get_first_element(fruits)) # \u8f93\u51fa: apple
\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8868\u793a get_first_element \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
get_first_element \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528 @staticmethod \u548c @classmethod
\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08@staticmethod\uff09\u548c\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08@classmethod\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class MathUtils:
@staticmethod
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return a + b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
@classmethod\ndef multiply(cls, a: int, b: int) -> int:\n return a * b<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nprint(MathUtils.add(3, 5)) # \u8f93\u51fa: 8
print(MathUtils.multiply(3, 5)) # \u8f93\u51fa: 15
\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
MathUtils \u7c7b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aadd \u548c multiply\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
add \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5373\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
multiply \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528 @property \u88c5\u9970\u5668
\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u5c5e\u6027\uff08@property\uff09\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
class Circle:
def init<\/strong>(self, radius: float):
self.radius = radius<\/p>\n\n\n\n@property\ndef diameter(self) -> float:\n return 2 * self.radius<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<\/span>\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\ncircle = Circle(5)
print(circle.diameter) # \u8f93\u51fa: 10.0
\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Circle \u7c7b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a radius \u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a diameter \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
diameter \u4f7f\u7528 @property \u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 circle.diameter \u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528 * \u5206\u5272\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570
\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 * \u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u533a\u5206\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def describe_pet(pet_name, *, animal_type, age=None):
description = f”I have a {animal_type} named {pet_name}.”
if age is not None:
description += f” It is {age} years old.”
return description<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nprint(describe_pet(“Willie”, animal_type=”dog”)) # \u8f93\u51fa: I have a dog named Willie.
print(describe_pet(“Harry”, animal_type=”hamster”, age=2)) # \u8f93\u51fa: I have a hamster named Harry. It is 2 years old.
\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
describe_pet \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c* \u540e\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570 animal_type \u548c age \u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528 ** \u89e3\u5305\u5b57\u5178
\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 ** \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f20\u9012\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type, age=None):
description = f”I have a {animal_type} named {pet_name}.”
if age is not None:
description += f” It is {age} years old.”
return description<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\npet_info_with_age = {“pet_name”: “Harry”, “animal_type”: “hamster”, “age”: 2}
print(describe_pet(**pet_info_with_age)) # \u8f93\u51fa: I have a hamster named Harry. It is 2 years old.
\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pet_info = {“pet_name”: “Willie”, “animal_type”: “dog”}
print(describe_pet(**pet_info)) # \u8f93\u51fa: I have a dog named Willie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pet_info \u548c pet_info_with_age \u662f\u5305\u542b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 ** \u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 describe_pet \u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528 * \u89e3\u5305\u5217\u8868
\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 * \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u5305\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4f20\u9012\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def add_numbers(a, b, c):
return a + b + c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]
print(add_numbers(*numbers)) # \u8f93\u51fa: 6
\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
numbers \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 * \u5c06\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u5305\u4e3a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 add_numbers \u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n- \u4f7f\u7528 functools.partial \u521b\u5efa\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u51fd\u6570
\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1afunctools.partial \u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56fa\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from functools import partial<\/p>\n\n\n\n
def power(base, exponent):
return base ** exponent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u521b\u5efa\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nsquare = partial(power, exponent=2)
cube = partial(power, exponent=3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/span>\u8c03\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nprint(square(2)) # \u8f93\u51fa: 4
print(cube(2)) # \u8f93\u51fa: 8
\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
power \u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1abase \u548c exponent\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528 partial \u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff1asquare \u548c cube\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
square \u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86 exponent \u4e3a 2\uff0ccube \u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86 exponent \u4e3a 3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668
\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u540c\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u5982\u8c03\u8bd5\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8b66\u544a\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u9009\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
import logging
from typing import Optional<\/p>\n\n\n\n